Salmonella And Common Food Poisoning Biology Essay

Salmonella And Common Food Poisoning Biology Essay Food contamination is a typical issue that influences a large number of individuals in the United States and all through the world. Food contamination can cause upsetting and now and then dangerous issues in people. Individuals that have eaten polluted food might be without manifestation or have side effects extending from intestinal inconvenience to extreme parchedness and wicked loose bowels. The accompanying microorganisms can cause food contamination; Campylobacter, Shigella, E.Coli, and Salmonella. The Salmonella family contains more than 2,300 serotypes of microscopic organisms. A serotype is a gathering of microorganism, infections, and cells characterized together dependent on their phone surface antigens. Salmonella is a Gram-negative, pole formed, lashed and motile bacterium. Salmonella is found in the gastrointestinal tract of fish, turtles, snakes, reptiles, gerbils, hamsters, different rodents and people. Disease can likewise be spread from individual to - individual. Salmonellosis is a zoonotic illness that can spread from creatures to people. Salmonellosis can be spread by eating uncooked pork, chicken, meat, and fish. Salmonellosis can likewise be spread by eating sullied food with Salmonella. Side effects are bleeding or watery the runs, stomach cramps, hurling, fever, cerebral pain, chills, sweats, weariness, and an absence of craving. On the off chance that the disease is serious the individual may be given anti-toxins. The dangers of Salmonellosis are the loss of body liquids, lack of hydration, stun, and demise. Solutions for Salmonellosis rely upon indications. Cures are anti-infection agents, rest, eating a flat eating routine, and drinking a lot of liquids. There are three high hazard gatherings: babies, individuals over the age of 60, and individuals with bargained resistant frameworks. Salmonella microscopic organisms can likewise cause Typhoid Fever. Typhoid Fever can be cause by two sorts of Salmonella microscopic organisms: Salmonella typhi microorganisms and Salmonella paratyphi. Typhoid Fever is shrunk by the ingestion of the Salmonella microbes in polluted food or water. Patients with intense sickness can debase the encompassing water gracefully however stool. The stool contains high focus microscopic organisms. Patients can be delegated Long-Term Carriers on the off chance that they have a gentle disease and it go unrecognized. The microbes reproduces in the gallbladder, bile conduits, or liver and goes into the inside. The microscopic organisms can get by for a considerable length of time in water or dried sewage. Manifestations of Typhoid Fever are high temperature, chest uneasiness, mid-region distress, cerebral pains, torpidity, poor hunger, advertisement loose bowels. Typhoid Fever is resolved through a stool culture. Typhoid Fever is treated with Antib iotics. There are a few researchers doing investigate on the Salmonella microorganisms. There are a progression of investigations that are being led abroad the International Spaceship that may prompt antibody against Salmonellosis from Salmonella microscopic organisms. Researchers at the USDA Agricultural Research Service have built up a poultry antibody for certain strains of Salmonella in poultry. The investigation of how Salmonella taints powder newborn child recipe has assisted them to make quality confirmation methods, with helping forestall defilement of Powder Infant Formula. Researchers are attempting to utilize Salmonella as solution for hypoxia to help the in treatment of malignant growth. There are a gathering of researchers in Morocco that did an investigation on food tests from Morocco to decide whether the food they were eating contained Salmonella. There are a progression of analyses that are being directed abroad the International Space that may prompt immunization against Salmonellosis from Salmonella microbes. Dr. Cheryl Nickerson has created examines that have demonstrated that Salmonella turns out to be progressively harmful in weightlessness condition. Salmonellas destructiveness can be controlled like an on and off switch. NASA began these examinations since they were worried about their space explorers being progressively defenseless to food contamination because of their debilitated invulnerable frameworks. Debilitated insusceptible frameworks are because of microgravity. Specialists found that microgravity changes Salmonella. The researchers can utilize this data from space on Earth on the grounds that nature inside the digestion tracts is like the weightlessness in space. Another Scientist, Professor Timothy Hammond, is seeking after an immunization dependent on the hereditary changes found in the space-borne microor ganisms. There are a progression of investigations that are being directed abroad the International Space that may prompt immunization against Salmonellosis from Salmonella microscopic organisms. (Klotz, 2009) Researchers at the USDA Agricultural Research Service built up a poultry antibody to diminish the spread Salmonella enteritidis (S.enteritis) contamination among herds. S.enteritis is a serotype of Salmonella .This current scourge is brought about by egg-borne Salmonellosis. Egg-Borne Salmonellosis is caused to flawless and sanitized evaluation An eggs in light of the fact that S.enteritidis contaminates the ovaries quietly. This sullies the hens eggs. The antibody diminishes shedding ten to forty percent more viably than the three business immunizations that are presently being utilized. The antibody decreases the measure of S.enteritidis that is situated in the winged animals stomach related tract that takes out the pathogen shedding in the fowls dung. The immunization additionally dispenses with the pathogen attack of the flying creatures inside organs. The antibody is an exploratory oil emulsion immunization. This immunization is not the same as business arrangements since it bui lds explicit degrees of antibodies in the stomach related tract which decreases the Salmonella in the hens intestinal tract and forestalls contamination of eggs and infection of transmission. In this exploration study, the antibody was directed to the feathered creatures subcutaneously in two portions four to about a month and a half separated before presenting the winged creatures to S.enteritidis. Analysts performed exacting measures to guarantee that there are no different pathogens were available in the hens previously and during the examination. During the 1970s, fastidious techniques for cleaning and examining eggs were actualized to diminish Salmonellosis. Salmonellosis is brought about by the outer fecal pollution of egg shells. S.enteritidis turned into a general wellbeing worry during the 1980s. The pathogen attacks poultry which can make hurt the conceptive organs that can prompt tainting of the eggs. During the 1990s, researchers began to create poultry antibodies agains t S.enteritidis. As of now, twenty-5,000,000 portions of S.enteritidis immunization are utilized yearly. (Smith, 2006) Powdered Infant Formula (PIF) is certainly not a sterile item and might be polluted with pathogens that can cause genuine disease in newborn children (kids matured <1 year). One pathogen that has been found is Salmonella. In the United States, the occurrence of Salmonellosis among babies are 121.6 laboratory㠢â‚ ¬Ã¢ confirmed diseases per 100,000 newborn children in the United States, 181 cases for every 100,000 babies in the United Kingdom, and 92.8 cases per 100,000 babies in Israel. Salmonella that has polluted dried milk items have cause recorded episodes since the mid 1950s in the United Kingdom and Bulgaria. In 1966, there was a multistate flare-up of Salmonella contamination which principally influenced newborn children. The flare-up examination connected the ailment utilization of dried milk to one maker. The pollutions happened in the splash driers. In 1973, Salmonellosis happened in Trinidad which contaminated 3,000 babies. The examination connected the disease to the utilization of seven brands of powdered milk that where bundled at a similar preparing plant. In 1977, there was another flare-up of Salmonella in Australia that was connected to polluted PIF. Theories flare-ups were brought about by polluted shower driers. These episodes prompted the usage of deterrent estimates which diminished Salmonella tainting from 1.9% in 1976 to 0.01% in 1988. There were six additional episodes of Salmonella contamination related with PIF during 1985 to 2005. These episodes happened in United Kingdom (1985), United States and Canada (1993), United Kingdom and France (1996-1997), Korea (2000), United States (2001), and Asia, Africa, Oceania, and other European nations (2007). In the flare-up of Salmonella in the United Kingdom (1985), the defilement was followed to issues in the shower drier and an extremely low grouping of salmonellae was found in the powder. The flare-up of Salmonella in United States and Canada (1993) was brought about by lactose matur ing strains of Salmonella. The flare-up of the United Kingdom and France (1996-1997) was brought about by atomic subtyping was utilized to explicitly distinguish the plague. The flare-up in Korea (2000) was brought about by spore defilement. It was too hard to even think about determining if the spore pollution happened previously or in the wake of opening the compartment. The flare-up that happened in United States (2001) was hard to decide how the pollution happened. The tainting happened in the planning room of the clinic. The flare-up of Asia, Africa, Oceania, and other European nations (2007) was brought about by Salmonella Agona. At present, the PIF business can't create sterile PIF. There are quality confirmation techniques that have been built up to help forestall tainted PIF. Coming up next are a few strategies that may forestall Salmonella defilement: not permitting section of Salmonellae in the assembling condition, staying away from replication of Salmonellae if there sh ould be an occurrence of passage, making sterile hardware and cleanliness zones, and just utilizing dry-blended fixings that are liberated from Salmonellae. Parental figures should be mindful when putting away and taking care of PIF to newborn children. (Cahill, 2008) Hypoxia is a typical quality of human tumors. It can influence the anticipation of disease patients. Hypoxia is the point at which the body in general or a specific area on the body is denied of satisfactory oxygen flexibly. In the event that a solution for hypoxia is discovered this could improve disease treatment. An antibody strain of Salmonella choleraesuis was utilized as a live vector for conveying DNA immunizations. In the examination, S. choleraesuis was u

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Megan Moore Structure 2 A. Gaffney Walk 11, 2014 To Dope or Not to Dope: The Answer is No As most New York Yankee fans know, Alex Rodriguez completed the 2013 baseball season with 654 grand slams on his profession. 654. He is as of now fifth in grand slam record books. Tragically for A-Rod fans, there will be no 2014 season. Following a protracted session with the MLB, Rodriguez was suspended in the wake of testing positive for PEDs- - testosterone enhancements to be precise. Attached to the, presently shut, Biogenesis center, Rodriguez and (at any rate) twelve others are at the center of attention for swindling the game they love. Non-baseball fans may perceive the name Lance Armstrong: multi-disease survivor, cyclist and blameworthy of deceiving his game also. These two, among a few others, are the posterboys for a dull time in sports. As a great many people would concur, steroids and different medications are a significant issue in sports today, for the competitors as well as for those of us who appreciate a simply, reasonable, clean game. For some, numerous years, doping has been a necessary piece of athletic culture. Research accepts that doping determines establishes back in old Greek and Roman culture, 776 B.C (Baron)! Conceded PEDs some time ago were terrible blends of herbs, medications, and liquor, the medications competitors are taking presently are similarly as awful. Margaret Goodman, a nervous system specialist and the leader of the Voluntary Anti-Doping Association (VADA), clarifies the distinctive reactions of steroids. As a ringside doctor of fights, she’s tuned in to the fighters talk about execution upgrading drugs. Contenders utilizing dope depicted the frightful results: heart, kidney, liver, bone, cerebrum and mental affliction (Goodman). As of late, there is a push for the authorization of steroids and different other PE... ...cles and testosterone. Where’s the fun in realizing somebody is bamboozling a game they love? As an ever increasing number of competitors experience harsh criticism, the achievements of wealthy competitors are concealed. What number of baseball fans knew Johan Santana, a previous Minnesota Twin, tossed his first no-hitter in 2012? This no-hitter was additionally the first in the new York Mets group history. In the mean time, that equivalent season, top picks like Melky Cabrera and Bortolo Colon, among others, were suspended subsequent to testing positive for PEDs. Not exclusively are execution improving medications crushing our athletes’ bodies, they are devastating the games we appreciate. The competitors we gaze upward to are leaving a negative impact on the kids admiring them. On the off chance that we permit this training to proceed, or far more atrocious, legitimize steroids, we risk harming our competitors, our understudies and the great uprightness of our games.

What to Do If You Fear Eating in Public

What to Do If You Fear Eating in Public Social Anxiety Disorder Coping Print Social Anxiety and the Fear of Eating in Front of Others By Arlin Cuncic Arlin Cuncic, MA, is the author of Therapy in Focus: What to Expect from CBT for Social Anxiety Disorder and 7 Weeks to Reduce Anxiety. Learn about our editorial policy Arlin Cuncic Reviewed by Reviewed by Amy Morin, LCSW on August 30, 2019 facebook twitter instagram Amy Morin, LCSW, is a psychotherapist, author of the bestselling book 13 Things Mentally Strong People Dont Do, and a highly sought-after speaker. Learn about our Wellness Board Amy Morin, LCSW Updated on September 11, 2019 Social Anxiety Disorder Overview Symptoms & Diagnosis Causes Treatment Living With In Children In This Article Table of Contents Expand Triggers Fears Research Treatment View All The fear of eating in front of others can wreak havoc on your social life, work prospects,  and adjustment to college. Socializing usually includes some form of food and drink. Business meetings sometimes take place over lunch or dinner. College cafeterias can be crowded. If eating and drinking in front of others causes you extreme anxiety, you may either endure these situations with great discomfort or avoid them altogether. Avoidance creates a vicious cycle in that the more narrow your life becomes, the harder you will find it to eat and drink in front of others. You may find yourself turning down invitations or making choices that dont require eating in front of others, such as eating in your dorm room rather than meeting new friends in the cafeteria. Triggers of Fear of Eating in Public Fear of eating and drinking in front of others can be triggered by a wide variety of situations, foods  and dining companions. Some people feel anxious in every situation in which they must eat or drink in front of others, while others fear specific settings such as formal banquets or dinner parties.Certain individuals become anxious only when eating in front of authority figures. On the other hand, some may be anxious even when eating in front of people whom they know well.Some may become more fearful if they are in a crowded restaurant as compared to dining in a quiet atmosphere with only a few companions. If you are like most people with a fear of eating, your level of anxiety probably escalates in proportion to how difficult the food is to eat. Foods that require utensils such as salads, soup, and dishes with sauces are usually the most anxiety-provoking.Potentially messy foods such as spaghetti will be more anxiety-provoking because there is a greater likelihood of embarrassment while eating.Finger foods are usually the least threatening.Type of beverage does not usually influence the level of fear, although drinks that are more likely to stain, such as red wine, may provoke more anxiety. Fears If you have a fear of eating or drinking in front of others, there is probably a long list of embarrassing events that you worry might happen in these situations. They may include some of the following: Your hands will shake.You will spill your food or drink.You will choke on your food and draw attention to yourself.You will vomit or lose control of your bowels.You will look unattractive while eating.You will become flushed from eating spicy food. Research Underlying all of these fears is the fear of being negatively evaluated by others.  Indeed, a 2015 study found that this fear of negative evaluation explained part of the relationship between social anxiety and aspects of disordered eating.?? In addition, a 2012 study found that social appearance anxiety (the fear that you will be negatively evaluated for your appearance) may predict symptoms of both social anxiety and eating disorder symptoms.?? As a result, modifying those underlying negative beliefs or negative social evaluation fears is what is needed to treat this type of disordered eating, rather than a focus on specific issues with eating. Treating a Fear of Eating in Public If difficulty eating in front of others is causing significant impairment in your daily life, and you have not been diagnosed with a mental health disorder, consider making an appointment with your family doctor for further assessment and possible treatment. When the fear of eating or drinking in front of others is a symptom of social anxiety disorder or SAD (about 20% of people diagnosed with SAD have this fear??), treatment in the form of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) or cognitive-behavioral group therapy (CBGT) is usually recommended. CBT involves the identification of negative automatic thoughts and the replacement of these thoughts with more rational thinking patterns. In addition, some form of exposure training usually complements the practice of cognitive restructuring. This may involve actual eating and drinking scenarios in which other group participants act as dining companions. If your anxiety about eating in front of others is due to an eating disorder, or a combination of an eating disorder and SAD, then treatment will need to be tailored to your unique situation. In addition, if you experience  generalized SAD, or your symptoms do not respond to therapy, medication such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) may be advised. A Word From Verywell If you are experiencing difficulty eating in front of others, consider the source of your anxiety. Are you worried about how others will perceive you or more worried about eating the actual food itself? Ask yourself these questions to better understand your own disordered eating patterns and what the next steps may be.

Internet Music Sharing and the RIAA Essay - 1861 Words

Internet Music Sharing and the RIAA In today’s high-tech computer savvy world, one of the largest controversies brewing on the internet is the downloading and sharing of music using various peer-to-peer programs such as Kazaa, Limewire, Audio Galaxy, and many others. These programs use software that, â€Å"rather than going through a server to request information, can make requests directly to other software. This attribute is what allows users of P2P networks to freely exchange music, movies and other types of files (Friedenberg).† To the everyday user, downloading all of their music from the internet is great. Who wouldn’t want to be able to get the newest Radiohead CD months before it comes out in stores and for†¦show more content†¦As we have said from the beginning ... there is no free pass to engage in music piracy just because you havent come of age. Were not surprised and were not deterred† (Music Piracy Suits Could Bring Backlash). With statements such as this, and the recent controversial tactics being used by the RIAA, there are of course, a number by a number of people and organizations opposed to them. One of the major groups in opposition to the Recording Industry Association of America is the Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF). â€Å"The Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF) was created to defend our rights to think, speak, and share our ideas, thoughts, and needs using new technologies, such as the Internet and the World Wide Web. EFF is the first to identify threats to our basic rights online and to advocate on behalf of free expression in the digital age. (EFF: About)† The EFF takes a stand against large corporations and government organizations in an attempt to protect users digital rights. The EFF makes some very good points, emphasizing an approach that gives users and music lovers the music they want and compensates the artists. 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The major problem with this music sharing is that most of the files are pirated, which has caused a stir in the music industry. Music companies and music artists have been complaining about how their music is being stolen and therefore lowering their album sales. The major blame has been put on Napster and other file sharing software available on the InternetRead MoreInternational Association Of The Phonographic Industry818 Words   |  4 PagesKeeping itself as the largest music industry in the whole world, the music industry in the United States has different organizations and associations which represent different roles in the music industry and serve different purposes, constructing a structure of checks and balances. American record labels and distributors got RIAA (Recording Industry Association of America), the domestic representative of the IFPI (International Federati on of the Phonographic Industry) in America, to represent themRead MoreWhats Wrong With Downloading Music? 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Little by little, Napster was being less used and it became harder to find the songs wanted until nobody used it anymore. When allRead MoreEssay on MP3 File Sharing Hurts America929 Words   |  4 PagesMP3 File Sharing Hurts America Before the present time of computers and various media player technology, trading music files on the internet was practically unheard of. Today MP3 music files have become file format that is widely â€Å"swapped† over the internet. The problem with trading MP3s is that it violates copyright laws. However, this hasn’t stopped the tens of millions of file sharing software users who continue swap MP3’s. 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The decline of CD sales in the past three years have been blamed on the availability of songs that can be downloaded from Internet sites and service providers like Napster, KaZaA and Morpheus free of charge. Today the issue of intellectual copyright infringement in music has been taken more seriouslyRead MoreNapster : The Problem Of Copyright Infringement981 Words   |  4 PagesThe Napster web site made file swapping over the Internet available via the software necessary for the Peer-to-Peer (P2P) file transfer to work. P2P is software that when downloaded onto someone s computer, enables that person to access another person s computer to find and copy certain files that the software is designed to recognize. It was used primarily for copying MP3 files, as a result avoiding the need to actually purchase music on CD or some other format. The popularity of Napster happenedRead MoreThe Epidemic Of Illegal File Sharing1571 Words   |  7 PagesMusic Industry in America is one of the most powerful music industries in the world and it consists of many record labels, nevertheless, the top three major labels are Universal Music Group, Sony Music Entertainment, and Warner Music Group. Most of music industries earn revenue by creating and selling their goods to music consumers and also music retailers. In the past, major labels or music companies sold their products through sheet music (the handwritten or printed form of music notation) then

Biography of Jefferson Davis, Confederate President

Jefferson Davis  (born Jefferson Finis Davis; June 3, 1808–December 6, 1889) was a prominent American soldier, secretary of war, and political figure who became the president of the Confederate States of America, a nation formed in rebellion to the United States. Before becoming a leader of the slave states in rebellion, he was  viewed by some as a  plausible future president of the United States. Fast Facts: Jefferson Davis Known For:  Davis was the president of the Confederate States of America.Also Known As:  Jefferson Finis DavisBorn:  June 3, 1808  in Todd County, KentuckyParents: Samuel Emory Davis and Jane DavisDied: December 6, 1889  in New Orleans, LouisianaEducation: Transylvania University, U.S. Military Academy at West PointPublished Works:  The Rise and Fall of the Confederate GovernmentSpouses: Sarah Knox Taylor, Varina HowellChildren: 6Notable Quote: Are we, in this age of civilization and political progress†¦to roll back the whole current of human thought, and again return to the mere brute force which prevails between beasts of prey, as the only method of settling questions between men? Early Life and Education Jefferson Davis grew up in Mississippi and was educated at Transylvania University in Kentucky for three years. He then entered the U.S. Military Academy at West Point, graduated in 1828, and received a commission as an officer in the U.S. Army. Early Career and Family Life Davis served as an infantry officer for seven years. After resigning his military commission in 1835, Davis married Sarah Knox Taylor, the daughter of  Zachary Taylor, the future president and Army colonel. Taylor strongly disapproved of the marriage. The newlyweds moved to Mississippi, where Sarah contracted malaria and died within three months. Davis himself contracted malaria and recovered, but he often suffered lingering effects from the disease. Over time, Davis repaired his relationship with Zachary Taylor and he became one of Taylors most trusted advisers during his presidency. Davis married Varina Howell in 1845. They remained married for the rest of his life and had six children, three of whom lived to adulthood. Cotton Plantation and Start in Politics From 1835 to 1845, Davis became a successful cotton planter, farming on a plantation called Brierfield, which had been given to him by his brother. He also began buying slaves in the mid-1830s. According to the federal census of 1840, he owned 39 slaves. In the late 1830s, Davis took a trip to Washington, D.C.  and apparently met President  Martin Van Buren. His interest in politics developed, and in 1845 he was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives as a Democrat. The Mexican War and Political Rise With the beginning of the  Mexican War  in 1846, Davis resigned from Congress and formed a volunteer company of infantrymen. His unit fought in Mexico, under General Zachary Taylor, and Davis was wounded. He returned to Mississippi and received a heros welcome. Davis was elected to the U.S. Senate in 1847  and obtained a powerful position on the Military Affairs Committee. In 1853, Davis was appointed secretary of war in the cabinet of President  Franklin Pierce. It was probably his favorite job, and Davis took to it energetically, helping to bring important reforms to the military. His interest in science inspired him to  import camels  for use by the U.S. Cavalry. Secession In the late 1850s, as the nation was splitting over the issue of slavery, Davis returned to  the U.S. Senate. He cautioned other southerners about secession, but when slave states started leaving the Union, he resigned from the Senate. On January 21, 1861, in the waning days of the administration of  James Buchanan, Davis gave a dramatic farewell speech in the Senate and pleaded for peace. President of the Confederate States of America Jefferson Davis was the only president of the Confederate States of America. He held the office from 1861 until the collapse of the Confederacy at the end of the Civil War, in the spring of 1865. Davis never campaigned for the presidency of the Confederacy in the sense that politicians in the United States campaign. He was essentially selected to serve and he claimed not to be seeking the position. He began his term with widespread support within the states in rebellion. Opposition As the Civil War continued, Davis critics within the Confederacy increased. Before secession, Davis had consistently been a forceful and eloquent advocate for states rights.  Ironically, he became inclined to impose the rule of a strong central government as he tried to manage the Confederate government. Strong states rights advocates within the Confederacy came to oppose him. Besides his choice of Robert E. Lee as commander of the Army of Northern Virginia, Davis is mostly deemed a weak leader by historians. Davis was seen as prickly, a poor delegator, overly involved in details, wrongly attached to defending Richmond, Virginia, and guilty of cronyism. Most historians agree that he was far less effective as a leader during wartime than his counterpart, President Abraham Lincoln. After the War Following the Civil War, many in the federal government and the public believed Davis to be a traitor responsible for years of bloodshed and the deaths of many thousands. There was a strong suspicion that Davis had been involved in the  assassination of Abraham Lincoln. Some accused him of having ordered Lincolns murder. After Davis was apprehended by Union cavalry while trying to escape and perhaps keep the rebellion going, he was locked up in a military prison for two years. For a time he was kept in chains, and his health suffered from his rough treatment. The federal government eventually decided not to prosecute Davis and he returned to Mississippi. He was financially ruined, since he had lost his plantation (and, like many other large landholders in the south, his slaves). Later Years and Death Thanks to a wealthy benefactor, David was able to live comfortably on an estate, where he wrote a book about the Confederacy, The Rise and Fall of the Confederate Government. In his final years, in the 1880s, he was often visited by admirers. Davis died on December 6, 1889. A large funeral was held for him in New Orleans and he was buried in the city. His body was eventually moved to a large tomb in Richmond, Virginia. Legacy Davis, in the decades before the Civil War, served admirably in a number of positions within the federal government. Before becoming a leader of the slave states in rebellion, he was  viewed by some as a  possible future president of the United States. But his accomplishments are judged differently from other American politicians. While he held the Confederate government together in nearly impossible circumstances, he was considered a traitor by those loyal to the United States. There were many Americans who believed he should have been tried for treason and hanged after the Civil War. Some advocates for Davis point to his intellect and relative skill in governing the rebel states. But his detractors note the obvious: Davis strongly believed in the perpetuation of slavery. The veneration of Jefferson Davis remains a controversial subject. Statues of him appeared throughout the south following his death, and, because of his defense of slavery, many now believe those statues should be taken down. There are also periodic calls to remove his name from public buildings and roads which had been named in his honor. His birthday continues to be celebrated in several southern states, and his presidential library opened in Mississippi in 1998. Sources Cooper, William C., Jr. Jefferson Davis, American. Alfred A. Knopf, 2000.  McPherson, James M. Embattled Rebel: Jefferson Davis as Commander in Chief. Penguin Press, 2014.  Strode, Hudson. Jefferson Davis: Confederate President. Harcourt, Brace and Company, 1959.

Nintendo Case Study Free Essays

Case Analysis Part 1 Introduction Case 7 of the textbook titled Essentials of Strategic Management looked at the video game pioneer Nintendo. The title of the case is Nintendo’s Strategy in 2009: The Ongoing Battle with Microsoft and Sony and was written by Lou Marino and Sally Sarrett. The case begins by describing how Nintendo faced serious competition from Sony and Microsoft in the video game market. We will write a custom essay sample on Nintendo Case Study or any similar topic only for you Order Now As Sony had created the Playstation and Microsoft came out with the Xbox, Nintendo had taken a backseat in terms of new video game consoles. Through the years however, Nintendo had created many popular devices used for gaming such as the Nintendo 64 and numerous versions of the DS. As Nintendo prepared to release the Wii game system, many said that it lacked the graphics and user experience that their rivals had and it appeared as though it would be a market flop. To the surprise of many critics and competing companies, the Wii was a huge success setting records for total sales. Currently Nintendo is seeing reduced demand and reduced sales due to the recession but they continue to release new features and games and analysts say that â€Å"the only limitations of the system were the limitations of the designer and the user-leading most to believer they considered the possibilities endless† ( ). Nintendo’s Strategy In it’s early years, Nintendo’s strategy was to bring video game experience most commonly found in public venues such as the Donkey Kong arcade game into the users home. This differentiation strategy proved highly successful for Nintendo as they were the first to give the user an affordable gaming console with many different games available for the Nintendo Entertainment System or NES. This continued with the release of numerous versions of the Game Boy and Nintendo DS as users could take their games with them anywhere they went which was unheard of from rivals such as Sony and Microsoft at the time. As competition grew with Sony, Sega, and Microsoft, Nintendo’s strategy seemed to move towards a cost strategy. They began creating onsoles such as the GameCube to compete with disk operated consoles by their competitors but at a cheaper price. This move turned out to be unsuccessful for a number of reasons, the main one being their lack of graphic capabilities. From here Nintendo began differentiating themselves again. Nintendo set out to design a console that would revolutionize the way people played games and the Wii was born. People that had n ever played video games before such as women and the elderly could now find games suited for them that were easy to understand and fun to play. Users could play games that got them up and moving to promote a healthier lifestyle as well as interact with others. For Nintendo to be successful in the future, this differentiation strategy appears to be the best route to follow. Strategic Leadership The strategic leadership surrounding the Nintendo organization appears to be ahead of their time in some aspects. Although they are not coming out with consoles directly aimed at competing with that of Sony and Microsoft, they are however releasing cutting edge technologies into their products. From the dual screen on the DS which allows users to sync up with others to play head to head to the Wii with a Bluetooth activated controller, Nintendo is constantly changing the video game industry. The marketers at Nintendo understood that â€Å"too many powerful consoles can’t coexist† because they would eventually lead to their own collapse ( 375 ). By creating something completely new for users that rivals aren’t reaching, Nintendo was able to gain control of a relatively untouched market segment. Nintendo is known for its differentiation from the normal gaming systems and this attracts a completely different crowd than Sony and Microsoft. Stakeholders in the Nintendo company know this and this is what ultimately attracts them to their organization just as the stakeholders for Sony or Microsoft are attracted to the strategies of competing to be the best in terms of graphics and realistic gaming experience. If Nintendo was to change and try to compete on the same levels as Sony and Microsoft, they would more than likely lose many of their investors because this differentiation is what keeps Nintendo ranking among the top gaming companies. How to cite Nintendo Case Study, Free Case study samples

Fundamental of Leadership-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: You need to watch a movie based on revolutionary leadership. And you need to mention the name of movie selected. You need to write 1 page of executive summary. Remaining pages you need to write how revolutionary leadership applied in that movie. Use apa style and proper citation. U need to write one page for storey telling based on revolutionary leadership. Answer: The Selma Movie was one of the popular of 2014 that beautifully portrayed the historical events related to the incident of Selma in the year 1965. The movement was held mostly under the leadership and guidance of Martin Luther King. The movement was held as a March protest along the 54-mile highway. The protest was mainly held in the form of Non-violence, as Luther King got inspired mainly from the guidance style of Mahatma Gandhi. The movie began on an inspiring note with Luther King accepting his Nobel Prize for peace. Soon after, there was bombing scene, where four young girls of AfricanAmerican family died in the accident. There was also other scene, where Annie Lee Cooper, who was another important face of the civil right movements, was seen to deny her attempt to register for vote in the Selma district. The Selma district was the root of the civil movement that initiated the movement. The movie however did not portray the entire life history of Luther King as the main focus area was his life style as one of the popular civil rights leader. The purpose of the leadership movement was to get the voting rights for the black skinned people in the Selma district. With the effective leadership style of Dr. King he has been able to inspire many young people to join and become an active member of movement. The movie has also highlighted the roles of many other leaders of the history of civil rights. With the help of the inspirational and motivational style of speech that has been seen in the movie, the leadership style of Dr. King has inspired many other people within the community to take the initiatives to join in the protest march at Selma. From this style of motivation, it can be said that most of the important factors and characteristics of leadership of Dr. King is related to that of the inspirational leadership. One of the main features and characters of the inspirational leadership is to ensure that they are quickly able to connect with the people both at the emotional and psychological levels (Hellmann, 2016). In the given context it can be said that the modern liberal society can greatly be influenced by the strong individual and their effective leadership styles. Dr King, who is the main protagonist in the film has been demonstrated as a hugely influential person, who is even scared to make big decisions as it can be life risk for himself. Hence, it can be seen that an influential leaders often fear the loss of life. This is due to the huge concerned they have for their followers. In spite of the popularity of influential and Revolutionary leader, interview course of the social act, they tend to form huge number of enemies. Nevertheless, another important characteristics of every Revolutionary leader is to ensure that they understand the viewpoint of the people in the society, who are totally against their ideology (Selma's refreshing portrayal of leadership, 2018). The movie also demonstrated the murder of Jimmie Lee Jackson, who was another famous Revolutionary leader during that period. Hearing the news of the murder, Dr. King was show to fell down in tears. From this it is evident that another important characteristics of every Revolutionary leader is to have high level of emotional connect with every member of their movement. This is considered to be one of the major cause of their Rapid rise in popularity within certain group of people (Selma's refreshing portrayal of leadership, 2018). Another important characteristics of Dr King's leadership style was non-violence act. It was evident in the film that even after the troops of Selma brutally assaulted all the members in the social active movement, Dr King decided that he is not going to complaint against the same. Instead in one of the scene within the movie he was seen to pray and express thank to the troops, when they allow him and his followers to carry forward the protest march into the road of Selma district. Hence, the strong believe in the power of nonviolence is one of the effective leadership characteristics of Dr Martin Luther King, which has been effectively portrait in the movie by his humble gesture towards the enemy. Another important characteristics of every Revolutionary and inspirational leader is there brilliant oratical capability (Kim, 2016). The characteristics of Dr King as an influential speaker has been demonstrated in the very last scene of the film. This characteristics is responsible for the leader's capability to effectively connect with the people and influence their thought process. The tone of speaking is also another important feature, which ensure that the inner message of the speech is effectively transferred to the audience. This capability of Martin Luther King has easily helped him to become popular within the African American community. He was not only seen as a person to able to understand the present situation, but also have the ability to predict the future and have a strong faith within the people for making the Civil right movement a success. With the beautiful portrayal of the leadership style of Dr Martin Luther King in the movie, Selma was one of the popular film of 2014. For its beautiful and brilliant portrayal of leadership style, the movie got 4 nominations in Golden Globe award including the best motion picture, best director and best actor. It was also nominated for the best picture in Academy Award and won the best original song. Another important characteristics of the film is that it did not portrait the actual murdering scene of Martin Luther King. Instead as the movie was ending important information was displayed for the viewers. With brilliant treatment of historical event, it will be easily possible for every audience of the movie to easily connect with the leadership and influential style of Martin Luther King and understand the importance of his Movement in the context of the American Civil movement. References Hellmann, D. C. (2016). America, APEC, and the road not taken: International leadership in the post-Cold War interregnum in the Asia-Pacific. In From APEC to Xanadu: Creating a Viable Community in the Post-Cold War Pacific (pp. 70-97). Routledge. Kim, N. K. (2016). Revolutionary leaders and mass killing. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 0022002716653658. Selma's refreshing portrayal of leadership. (2018). Theweek.com. Retrieved 4 April 2018, from https://theweek.com/articles/531504/selmas-refreshing-portrayal-leadership